The United Kingdom and Poland are signing a new defence and security treaty designed to strengthen cooperation on Russia, border security, organized crime, cyber threats, and European defence.

The treaty follows similar UK agreements with France and Germany, and it is part of Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s broader effort to rebuild practical security ties with Europe after Brexit. The UK government said the agreement would deepen defence cooperation, support joint development of next-generation weapons, strengthen air and missile defence, and improve coordination against hybrid threats including cyberattacks, espionage, sabotage, and information operations.

Poland is central to this strategy.

It is one of Ukraine’s most important supporters, a frontline NATO state, a hub for military aid, and a frequent target of Russian intelligence and cyber activity. Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk said the treaty is focused on building the strongest possible diplomatic and defence ties with Britain, especially in response to Russia.

This is also part of a wider European shift.

The United States is still crucial to NATO. But European governments are increasingly planning for a world in which they need more independent defence capacity, faster production, better border coordination, and more resilience against hybrid attacks.

Britain may be outside the European Union, but it is not outside European security.

ONEST Take:
This treaty shows the new shape of European defence: bilateral and mini-lateral agreements layered on top of NATO. Europe is not waiting for one grand architecture. It is building security through practical partnerships — air defence here, cyber cooperation there, missile production somewhere else. The result is a more networked Europe, shaped by the war in Ukraine and by uncertainty about long-term U.S. reliability.

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Written by

Olga Nesterova
Olga Nesterova is a journalist and founder of ONEST Network, a reader-supported platform covering U.S. and global affairs. A former White House correspondent and UN diplomat, she focuses on international security and geopolitical strategy.

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